Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP)

• The Green Tug Transition Programme (GTTP) is a strategic initiative launched by the Government of India to modernize the maritime sector by replacing conventional fuel-based harbour tugs with environmentally friendly alternatives. 
• This move aligns with India's commitment to sustainable development and its broader maritime vision.

Objectives of GTTP

• Environmental Sustainability: Reduce greenhouse gas emissions from port operations.
• Energy Efficiency: Promote the use of alternative fuels and energy-efficient technologies.
• Technological Advancement: Encourage innovation in green maritime technologies.
• Economic Growth: Boost the domestic shipbuilding industry and create employment opportunities.

Implementation Phases

• The GTTP will be executed in five distinct phases:

Phase 1 (2024–2027):

• Pilot Ports: Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority, Deendayal Port Authority, Paradip Port Authority, and V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority.
• Action: Procure or charter at least two green tugs per port.
• Technology: Battery-electric propulsion systems.
• Investment: Approximately ₹1,000 crore.

Phase 2 (2027–2030):

• Target: At least 50% of tugs in pilot ports to be green.
• Action: Adoption of alternative fuels like methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia.

Phase 3 (2030–2035):

• Target: 50% of tugs in all major ports to be green.
• Action: Expansion of green technologies across ports.

Phase 4 (2035–2040):

• Target: 75% of tugs in all major ports to be green.
• Action: Further adoption of green technologies.

Phase 5 (2040–2047):

• Target: 100% of tugs in all major ports to be green.
• Action: Complete transition to green tugs.

Technological Focus

• Battery-Electric Tugs: Initial phase focuses on battery-electric propulsion systems.
• Alternative Fuels: Subsequent phases will explore and adopt fuels like methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia.
• Hybrid Systems: Integration of hybrid propulsion systems as technology evolves.

Economic and Industrial Impact

• Domestic Shipbuilding: All green tugs will be constructed in Indian shipyards, promoting the 'Make in India' initiative.
• Employment Generation: The programme is expected to create significant employment opportunities in shipbuilding and related industries.
• Investment: An estimated investment of ₹1,000 crore in the development and procurement of green tugs.

Challenges and Concerns

• Economic Viability: Private operators have raised concerns about the higher costs and longer payback periods associated with green tugs.
• Technological Uncertainty: There is apprehension regarding the longevity and reliability of emerging green technologies.
• Infrastructure Requirements: The need for specialized infrastructure to support green tugs, such as charging stations and fuel supply chains.

Supporting Initiatives

• National Centre of Excellence in Green Port & Shipping (NCoEGPS): Established in Gurugram, Haryana, in collaboration with the Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), to develop regulatory frameworks and promote research in green shipping technologies.
• Maritime India Vision 2030: A comprehensive plan aiming to reduce carbon emissions per tonne of cargo handled by 30% by 2030.
• PM Gati Shakti: The National Master Plan for Multi-Modal Connectivity, which includes the development of green logistics supply chains.